Difference between revisions of "Solution of the Blatter-Pattyn model"

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===General Matrix Form===
 
===General Matrix Form===
  
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===Fixed-Point Iteration===
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A general matrix form of the equations, where coefficients on the ''u'' and ''v'' velocity components (i.e. viscosity, grid spacing, scalars) are contained in the block matrices '''A''', is given by
  
  
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===Final Matrix Form===
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<math>\left[ \begin{matrix}
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  \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{uu}} & \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{uv}}  \\
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  \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{vu}} & \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{vv}}  \\
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\end{matrix} \right]\left[ \begin{matrix}
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  \mathbf{u}  \\
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  \mathbf{v}  \\
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\end{matrix} \right]=\left[ \begin{matrix}
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  \mathbf{b}_{\mathbf{u}}  \\
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  \mathbf{b}_{\mathbf{v}}  \\
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\end{matrix} \right]</math>
  
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Continue with the [[Blatter-Pattyn Boundary Conditions]].
 
  
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Return to [[Blatter-Pattyn model]].
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where the '''uu''' subscript denotes block matrices containing coefficients for gradients on ''u'' in the equation for the ''x'' component of velocity (i.e. ''u''). The subscript '''uv''' denotes block matrices containing coefficients for gradients on ''v'' in the equation for the ''x'' component of velocity (and similarly for the '''vv''' and '''vu''' subscripts). On the right-hand side, the subscripts denote the geometric source terms for the ''x'' and ''y'' components of velocity (subscripts ''u'' and ''v'', respectively).
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Return to [[CISM governing equations and numerical solution]].
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Revision as of 00:50, 12 March 2011

Contents

Governing Equations

The final form of the equations we'd like to solve is:


\begin{align} & x:\quad 4\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial y}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} \right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial z}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial z} \right)=-2\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \right)-\frac{\partial }{\partial y}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \right)+\rho g\frac{\partial s}{\partial x} \\ & y:\quad 4\frac{\partial }{\partial y}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \right)+\frac{\partial }{\partial z}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial z} \right)=-2\frac{\partial }{\partial y}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right)-\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} \right)+\rho g\frac{\partial s}{\partial y} \\ \end{align}

Coordinate Transform

As with the 0-order model, we need to change from Cartesian to sigma coordinates. The first normal-stress term first term on the left-hand side becomes

Pattyn introduces a dimensionless vertical coordinate so that variations in ice thickness do not complicate the numerical treatment considerably (Pattyn 2003). This dimensionless vertical coordinate is referred to as \zeta by Pattyn. I will refer to it as \sigma for consistency with CISM's existing notation. The rescaled coordinate is defined as:

\sigma = \frac{(s - z)}{H}

This means that at the surface of the ice sheet \sigma = 0, and at the base \sigma = 1 regardless of the ice thickness (Pattyn 2003). As a result of this transformation, a coordinate (x,y,z) is mapped to (x',y',\sigma) (Pattyn 2003). This means that function derivatives must be re-written (using \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} as an example) as:

\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x'} \frac{\partial x'}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y'} \frac{\partial y'}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \sigma} \frac{\partial \sigma}{\partial x}

Similarly for \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} and \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}. Pattyn simplifies this by assuming that

\frac{\partial x'}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial y'}{\partial y} = 1

and

\frac{\partial x'}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial x'}{\partial z}, \frac{\partial y'}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial y'}{\partial z} = 0.

This assumption is valid if the bed and surface gradients are not too large (Pattyn 2003). This simplifies the above to:

\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x'} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \sigma}\frac{\partial \sigma}{\partial x}

\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial y'} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \sigma}\frac{\partial \sigma}{\partial y}

\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial \sigma}\frac{\partial \sigma}{\partial z}

Rescaling parameters a_x, a_y, b_x, b_y, and c_{xy} are defined. Presenting the x derivative case, as the y derivative case is analogous,

a_x = \frac{1}{H}(\frac{\partial s}{\partial x'} - \sigma \frac{\partial H}{\partial x'})

b_x = \frac{\partial a_x}{\partial x'} + a_x \frac{\partial a_x}{\partial \sigma} = \frac{1}{H} (\frac{\partial^2 s}{\partial x'^2} - \sigma \frac{\partial^2 H}{\partial x'^2} - 2a_x \frac{\partial H}{\partial x'})

c_{xy} = \frac{\partial a_y}{\partial x'} + a_x \frac{\partial a_y}{\partial \sigma} = \frac{\partial a_x}{\partial y'} + a_y \frac{\partial a_x}{\partial \sigma}

Using these, expressions for the x derivatives become:

\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x'} + a_x \frac{\partial f}{\partial \sigma}


\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right)=\frac{\partial }{\partial \hat{x}}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial \hat{x}} \right)+\frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{x}}\frac{\partial }{\partial \sigma }\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial \hat{x}} \right)+\frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{x}}\frac{\partial }{\partial \hat{x}}\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial \sigma } \right)+\left( \frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{x}} \right)^{2}\frac{\partial }{\partial \sigma }\left( \eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial \sigma } \right)+\left( \frac{\partial _{{}}^{2}\sigma }{\partial \hat{x}_{{}}^{2}} \right)\eta \frac{\partial u}{\partial \sigma }


where hatted values refer to the coordinate directions in sigma coordinates. Similarly, the first cross-stress term on the RHS is given by


\frac{\partial }{\partial x}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \right)=\underset{{}}{\mathop{\frac{\partial }{\partial \hat{x}}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial \hat{y}} \right)}}\,+\underset{{}}{\mathop \frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{x}}\frac{\partial }{\partial \sigma }\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial \hat{y}} \right)}\,+\underset{{}}{\mathop \frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{y}}\frac{\partial }{\partial \hat{x}}\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial \sigma } \right)}\,+\underset{{}}{\mathop \frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{x}}\frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial \hat{y}}\frac{\partial }{\partial \sigma }\left( \eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial \sigma } \right)}\,+\underset{{}}{\mathop \frac{\partial _{{}}^{2}\sigma }{\partial \hat{x}\partial \hat{y}}\eta \frac{\partial v}{\partial \sigma }}\,


One term has become five terms and each one of those is pretty scary looking on its own. Luckily, there is also a lot of symmetry here. Notice that if we wanted to design subroutines to discretize the terms on the RHS, we could re-use a lot of them by either applying them to the correct velocity component (either to the u OR the v discretization) or by passing the appropriate arguments (pass either the grid spacing in the x direction OR the y direction, where appropriate). There is still a lot of work here ...


Operating Splitting

Again, note that for the x equation we've moved all the terms containing gradients in v to the right-hand side (RHS).

We've set it up this way in order to solve the equations using an operator splitting approach; for the x equation, we treat v as known (where we take the values of v from the previous iteration) and solve for u, and vice versa when we solve they y equation for v. The "splitting" refers to the fact that we are breaking the multi-dimensional divergence operation into multiple steps. Rather than solving one big matrix equation for u and v simultaneously we solve two smaller matrix equations in sequence with one of the unknowns treated as a known "source" term.


General Matrix Form

A general matrix form of the equations, where coefficients on the u and v velocity components (i.e. viscosity, grid spacing, scalars) are contained in the block matrices A, is given by


\left[ \begin{matrix} \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{uu}} & \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{uv}} \\ \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{vu}} & \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{vv}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]\left[ \begin{matrix} \mathbf{u} \\ \mathbf{v} \\ \end{matrix} \right]=\left[ \begin{matrix} \mathbf{b}_{\mathbf{u}} \\ \mathbf{b}_{\mathbf{v}} \\ \end{matrix} \right]


where the uu subscript denotes block matrices containing coefficients for gradients on u in the equation for the x component of velocity (i.e. u). The subscript uv denotes block matrices containing coefficients for gradients on v in the equation for the x component of velocity (and similarly for the vv and vu subscripts). On the right-hand side, the subscripts denote the geometric source terms for the x and y components of velocity (subscripts u and v, respectively).

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